Bonsai Tree Cultivation

Bonsai tree cultivation is a Japanese tradition stretching back hundreds of years.  Bonsai literally translates to "tray planting," and involves actively growing and shaping trees into an artistic dwarfed version of themselves.  A bonsai tree is not a special dwarf or hybrid species of a common tree; they’re genetically identical to their larger relatives.  It’s the careful cultivation that keeps these trees small.  Surprisingly, the trees are not damaged by this process, however.  In fact, with the correct care, the bonsai version of a tree can exceed the life expectancy of the same tree if it were grown in the wild.

Bonsai trees can either be grown from seeds or from cuttings of trees, and they normally range in height from two inches to three feet.  They are kept miniture through pruning both branches and roots.  Additionally, new growth is often pinched off when they are periodically repotted. 

Growing and cultivating bonsai trees is actually as much about art as it is about horticulture.  Bonsai trees are not only kept small, they are also formed into pleasing shapes.  They frequently follow a number of different growth patterns, from simple triangles to waterfall shapes cascading down over their pots.  The various shapes are normally a result of both the pruning of the tree and through the use of wrapping the branches and trunk with wire, pushing the tree into its desired shape.  Chosen to compliment the color and shape of the tree itself, the pots are also part of the art of bonsai.  Rocks and mosses are often added to the base for aesthetic appeal. 

Cultivating a bonsai tree is more complicated than the growing of most houseplants.  Since the bonsai has has a smaller root system than most plants, it needs water and fertilizer more often than the majority of garden-variety houseplants.  Occasional pruning is also essential, since without pruning the bonsai tree would grow into just a normal large tree.  Also, if wire is used to help mold and form the tree, it is important to take care that the wire doesn’t dig into the bark of the tree, scarring the branches permanently.  Depending on the type of bonsai tree and your climate, you may be able to keep some bonsai trees outside year round, while others will need to be kept inside for at least part of the year.  Moisture is also important, not only in the soil but in the branches and leaves of the bonsai.  They need to be misted occasionally for the bonsai to develop healthily.